模拟酸雨对不同叶色李和桃生理特性的影响

研究了夏季和秋季模拟酸雨对不同叶色李和桃生理特性的影响,结果表明:酸雨胁迫对紫叶李的细胞膜透性、叶绿素含量、花色素苷含量、抗氧化酶活性影响最大,对红叶桃影响最小;李、桃对酸雨胁迫的反应秋季较夏季更敏感,各生理指标变化幅度较大。     

紫叶李叶片花色素及花色苷HPLC定量分析

利用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法首次定量分析了紫叶李鲜叶片中芍药色素（Peonidin）、花青素3,5-二葡萄糖苷（Cyanidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside）、天竺葵色素3,5-二葡萄糖苷（Pelargonidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside）、芍药色素3-葡萄糖苷（Peonidin 3-O-glucoside）、飞燕草素（Delphinidin）、花青素（Cyanidin）和锦葵色素（Malvidin）的存在。花青素3-葡萄糖苷（Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside）、芍药色素和色素12是紫叶李鲜叶片中三种重要色素,其相对含量均超过检测到色素总含量的10%,分别占检测到色素总含量的27.54%、24.08%和14.95%,鲜叶片中实际含量分别为3.396、2.969、2.108 mg/g。除芍药色素3-葡萄糖苷极微量外,花青素3,5-二葡萄糖苷、锦葵色素、飞燕草素、天竺葵色素3,5-二葡萄糖苷和花青素在鲜叶片中的含量分别为0.005、0.0075、0.0185、0.3590、0.0360 mg/g。其它28种色素的结构和含量需要进一步分析。     

新疆珍稀濒危植物野生樱桃李的研究进展

综合述评了野生樱桃李的形态与生理学、植物化学、生态学特征、遗传多样性、再生及优良品种选育、濒危原因等方面的研究现状。针对野生樱桃李资源的合理保护和可持续利用,提出了种群生存力分析、种质濒危原因及保护途径、种质资源保存及人工更新方法、生态适应的分子生物学及生境适宜性评价应成为野生樱桃李进一步研究的主要方向。     

辽西地区仁用杏春季冻害与气象因子的关系分析

根据多年的气象资料,对历史上仁用杏产量序列与春季气象要素中的因子进行相关统计分析。提出了与产量有显著相关的2个气象因子:4月最低气温≤0℃终日;4月至5月中旬最低气温≤-1.0℃终日。同时提出了春季冻害的综合预防措施。     

红肉桃和白肉桃果实挥发性成分的差异分析

为分析红肉桃的特征香气成分,以2份白肉桃‘白凤’和‘肥城白里10号’为对照,采用顶空固相微萃取方法提取2份红肉桃‘乌黑鸡肉桃’和‘天津水蜜’成熟果实的挥发性成分,并用气相-质谱联用仪进行测定。在4份种质中共鉴定出107种挥发性成分,其中‘乌黑鸡肉桃’最多,‘肥城白里10号’最少。比较红肉桃和白肉桃的挥发性成分,顺式-3-己烯醇乙酸酯和3-己烯醛是2份红肉桃种质特有的大量挥发性成分。除此之外,在微量挥发性成分中,红肉桃特有的挥发性成分还包括壬醛、1-辛醇和乙酸己酯。从2种类型桃不同类别的挥发性成分总量可以看出,红肉桃醛类物质较低,但烷烃和酯的含量却高于白肉桃。红肉桃与白肉桃除了花色素苷含量存在差异外,在挥发性物质的总量和种类上也存在较大差异。     

金光杏梅叶面积回归测算研究

以金光杏梅成熟叶片为试材,研究了叶长、叶宽与叶面积的关系.结果表明:叶长、叶宽与叶面积均呈正相关关系.叶长、叶宽与叶面积之间的相关系数分别为0.7084、0.8546,叶长和叶宽与叶面积的复相关系数为0.9868,在0.01水平下均达到了极显著水平.在此基础上建立了叶长(x1)、叶宽(x2)、叶长和叶宽与叶面积(y)之间的回归方程y=61.4140x1-2 480.6、y=28.7600x2-0.8546、y=17.6276x1+41.2594x2-1 078.4906,3个回归方程均可用于测算金光杏梅的叶面积,其中以叶长和叶宽与叶面积的二元回归方程测算结果更为精确.在具体应用中,可根据所要求的精确度进行选择.     

甜樱桃矮化砧木矮化机理解剖学研究

本研究以六种甜樱桃砧木为试材，对其根皮率、根导管面积、根导管密度、根导管总面积／木质部面积比值、根木质部面积／横断面积比值、枝皮率、枝导管面积、枝导管平均总面积／木质部平均面积比值和枝木质部面积／横断面积比值等解剖结构进行了比较。试验结果表明不同砧木间各测定值存在较大差异，可以认为根皮率，枝导管密度、根、枝导管总面积／木质部面积比值和根、枝木质部面积／横断面面积比值可以作为预测甜樱桃矮化砧木矮化性的综合指标，为今后甜樱桃矮化砧木的选育提供依据。     

杏树叶片上的巨型气孔和气孔群

气孔是植物体与外界进行气体交换的主要通道。有关气孔解剖及生理的研究历来为植物学家所重视。因此,在这个领域里,不断有新的发现和进展。Sitholey和Pandey(1971)在芒果(Wangifera indica L.)和柑果子(Limonia acidissima L.)上,Trivedi和Upadhyay(1973)在夹竹桃科(Apocynaceae)植物上先后发现了巨型气孔。Hoove(1986)在秋海棠属上发现了气孔群(stomatal cluster)。然而,迄今为止的有关教科书中还没有气孔群和巨型气孔的。记载。另外,在蔷薇科植物中,还没有气孔群和巨型气孔的报道。我们在进行气孔对叶水势的调节研究中,在杏树叶上发现了气孔群和巨型气孔。     

Penetration, Development and Emigration of Juveniles of the Nematode Meloidogyne arenaria in Myrobalan Plum (Prunus cerasifera) Clones Bearing the Ma Resistance Genes

Penetration, development and emigration of M. arenaria in the roots of three Myrobalan plum (Prunus cerasifera) clones genetically characterized for their resistance to root-knot nematodes (RKN) were studied during the 10 (penetration) and 15 (emigration) days following the date of inoculation (D) of 2500 juveniles (J2s) per plant into the soil. Miniaturized tests were conducted on the two resistant clones P.2175 (Ma1 gene) and P.1079 (Ma2 gene) and the susceptible clone P.2032 (recessive for both genes), obtained from micropropagated plantlets and grown in mini-containers under controlled conditions at 25°C in a growth chamber. For penetration and development studies, nematodes in the roots were recovered by the acid fuchsin-lactophenol staining technique. Equivalent numbers of J2s were recovered in all the clones at D+1 and D+2. Subsequently, the numbers increased rapidly in P.2032 and were significantly different from those in P.1079 and P.2175 that remained at a low level. No swollen larvae were observed in the resistant clones. In P.2032, the first swollen larvae were observed at D+4, the first females were observed at D+12, whereas the first females with attached egg sacs and the first new-generation J2s were obtained between D+21 and D+28. Our data suggest that the resistance phenomenon does not act on the very early nematode penetration but acts later by preventing feeding-site induction and development into the third-stage. For emigration studies, plants in which J2s had been allowed to penetrate for two days (from D to D+2) were washed free of soil, repotted and then, after various periods of growth, soil-free roots were placed under a mistifier to evaluate the numbers of emigrating individuals. Emigration of J2s from the roots occured mainly from D+2 to D+4 in all the genotypes and was very limited from D+4 to D+10. There was no significant differences in the number of emigrated juveniles between the resistant and susceptible clones, indicating that emigration cannot explain the difference in the numbers of nematodes recovered in the roots.